New worker safety regulations meant to log how many hours truckers are on the road may have inadvertently exposed millions of U.S. 18-wheelers to hackers who could take control of entire fleets of vehicles, according to a new Colorado State University paper.

Jake Jepson, co-author and graduate research assistant at Colorado State University, said it's important to create guard rails as the nation's transportation networks, power grids, water systems and other critical infrastructure move online.

"Each year those systems that never used to be connected to the internet or have any wireless connections are becoming more and more connected," he said. "And that can introduce vulnerabilities."

C.S.U. researchers found the cybersecurity gaps in electronic logging devices, which track a host of data required for inspections. The devices are connected to the vehicle's control systems, and are not currently required to carry cybersecurity precautions. In one example, the paper shows how hackers can manipulate trucks wirelessly and force them to pull over.

Jeremy Daily, C.S.U. associate professor, said students were able to locate the gaps by reverse-engineering one of the devices, which are produced by third-party vendors, and that adding new electronics to trucks that don't go through a typical manufacturer's design process can introduce new vulnerabilities.

"When regulators are introducing new requirements, they have to be aware of the cyber security implications," he explained.

Daily estimates that more than 14 million medium-and heavy-duty trucks that form the core of the U.S. shipping sector may have been exposed. He says the paper's findings can help device vendors fix the problem.

"The happy ending of this story is that we have worked with the vendor, and they have come up with a patch to the problem," he continued. "And so, it's important for the truckers and the people that have these devices to pay attention to those software update recommendations when they come out."

Human beings are hardwired to pair-bond and most people have experienced some of the social pressures to find a life partner and start a family but a new study suggested while romantic relationships are important, friendships also play a key role in our happiness.

Natalie Pennington, assistant professor of communication studies at Colorado State University, and a team of researchers surveyed 940 American adults. She said fewer people call their romantic partner their best friend than you might expect.

"Only about 14.4% of the sample said 'this is my romantic partner and it's my best friend.'" Pennington reported. "It raises that question of how much pressure we're putting on that romantic relationship."

People surveyed who saw their partners as their best friends said they felt closer to them and interacted with them more often than those whose best friends were not their romantic partners. But Pennington noted those whose best friends were not their partners reported greater feelings of social support. The study was published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.

Pennington pointed out as people get older, they are more likely to call their romantic partner their best friend, in part due to social networks tending to shrink over time. She added having multiple people you can lean on, and help support, can be a challenge.

"Because you've got to maintain several different types of relationships, different degrees of closeness," Pennington explained. "When you have more people, that means that you have greater opportunity to get different types of support, different types of feedback, learn from each other."

For people still looking for a romantic partner or a friend, Pennington suggested starting small. She stressed communication is a lot like exercise. Talking to people more often helps stretch and strengthen that socializing muscle.

"Talk to the barista as you order a coffee. Turn and chat to somebody on the bus or the train," Pennington advised. "When we take those little actions to start talking to strangers, and getting a little bit more comfortable and confident socializing, it can really help us grow our relationships."

Notre Dame is launching a major effort to shape the future of social media policy and it could affect every corner of Indiana.

This week, the university is hosting lawmakers, tech leaders and scholars to draft a national roadmap for regulating platforms like Facebook and YouTube. They will focus on how social media influences democracy, civic trust, and everyday life.

David Campbell, professor and director of the Democracy Initiative at the University of Notre Dame, said the meeting is just the beginning.

"Our hope is the policy experts will hear from the scholars what the research said about the effects of social media and hopefully, the two groups together can settle on concrete recommendations that can be made," Campbell explained.

Campbell pointed out online activity can affect Indiana communities, not just the nation. The university plans to continue this work beyond the event, with a nonpartisan focus.

Campbell stressed the university wants to turn expert research into real policy solutions that strengthen civic trust.

"This convening demonstrates Notre Dame's commitment to being an important voice in the national conversation about the state of American civil society; in this case social media," Campbell emphasized. "To ensure that concrete ideas are being proposed and implemented to try to get us out of the mess that we're in."

Notre Dame is partnering with bipartisan group Issue One on the project.


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E-cigarettes in Maryland are getting cheaper and bigger, delivering higher amounts of nicotine to users, according to a new study.

The study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation and the Truth Initiative, an anti-tobacco nonprofit, found e-cigarette sales have increased by 250% since 2020. The sharpest increase was in disposable e-cigarettes, which have increased their nicotine content by more than 2,000%. Disposable e-cigarettes make up nearly 75% of nicotine content sold.

Megan Diaz, research director of the Schroeder Institute at the Truth Initiative, said disposable e-cigarettes are still often marketed to people under age 18. In Maryland, nearly 15% of high school students said they've used an e-cigarette at least once in the past 30 days.

"They come in a variety of flavors. They're just highly attractive to youth. They are providing the most amount of nicotine to the market right now," Diaz outlined. "This is a problem, because youth are really attracted to these products."

Most disposable products are also on the market illegally and more than 80% of e-cigarette sales are from nicotine products not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, making them illegal. The FDA has only authorized 34 products to be on the market.

In 2023, nearly 90% of nicotine sold in the U.S. came from nontobacco flavored products, which research suggests is a major motivation for youth use of nicotine. Diaz pointed out there are science-based treatments to help people fight their addiction to nicotine. Truth Initiative offers free online quit programs and just started a new program geared toward young people to help them quit their nicotine addiction.

"Nicotine is a highly addictive product," Diaz emphasized. "We do offer a free program at Truth Initiative that helps everyone, not just youth. It also helps adults to quit tobacco and nicotine."

Those interested in participating in the EX Program can text "EXPROGRAM" at 88709 or visit ExProgram.com.