Halloween is a busy time of year for some of Wyoming's historical sites, where staff throw thematic events to help fund programming for the rest of the year.
In October, Wyomingites can experience their state's history in new ways - like paranormal investigations at Fort Caspar, and a haunted evening tour of the Wyoming Frontier Prison in Rawlins.
That prison served as the state penitentiary between 1901 and 1981, during which Historic Site Director Tina Hill said nearly 14,000 people served time.
"When you go through the 80 years of history here," said Hill, "you see how the people who lived in Wyoming thought about crimes, and punishment, and the penal system. And so you can kind of see how things evolved."
In the 1950s, the concept of rehabilitation spread through the penal system - and with it, Hill says, gymnasiums, libraries and classes.
Now, the site is on the National Registry of Historic Places, and about 15,000 people tour it each year.
Northeast of the prison at Fort Caspar, Halloween visitors can use infrared thermometers, laser grids and more on the site's ghost investigations tours.
Aside from the fort's paranormal activities, museum Director Rick Young said it's on a historic migration corridor.
"Oregon, California, Mormon Pioneer, Pony Express trails," said Young. "We had a ferry crossing at our location. We had a bridge crossing at our location. It was a Pony Express station. And then it became a military fort."
These days, the site has a central Wyoming history museum and a park.
The historic fort buildings are furnished as they would have been in 1865, the year of two battles there and when the site was formally named Fort Caspar.
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By Susannah Broun for The Daily Yonder.
Broadcast version by Trimmel Gomes for Mississippi News Connection for the Public News Service/Daily Yonder Collaboration
Clarksdale, Mississippi, is known as the birthplace of the blues. The small town in the heart of the Mississippi Delta is rich with artistic legend and legacy – it’s said to be where blues icon Robert Johnson sold his soul to the devil in exchange for his musical talent at the famous intersection of Highway 61 and Highway 49.
This history is explored in one of the most talked-about movies of 2025, Ryan Coogler’s vampire film, “Sinners.” Set in the 1930s, Coogler’s film is a fresh contribution to the supernatural horror genre, drawing from Clarksdale’s blues roots and rich cultural history.
The issue is, there is no movie theater in Clarksdale, Mississippi. To see their own town celebrated on the silver screen, residents have had to drive more than an hour each way.
“There’s nowhere to see the movie, and it’s about us,” said Rebekah Pleasant-Patterson, executive director of Griot Arts, a non-profit that focuses on arts education in Clarksdale. “It’s about our culture, it’s our history, it’s our roots, it’s our stories.”
That disconnect didn’t go unnoticed. Community members raised their concerns, and the creators of “Sinners” listened. At the end of May, Warner Bros. brought in a cinema-grade projector to host free screenings of “Sinners” in Clarksdale. The viewings were part of a three-day event that also included Q&As with the film’s cast and crew, live music, panel discussions, and local food.
The event was an important celebration of the film, the community, and the contributions of the Delta at large. But it offered only a temporary remedy to the issue of movie theater access for Clarksdale residents.
Thanks to Griot Arts, a more permanent solution is underway. The arts nonprofit is transforming the town’s long-abandoned and once-segregated Paramount Theater into a multidisciplinary arts and cultural space. The goal, according to Pleasant-Patterson, is to use the downtown venue to inspire creativity, foster opportunity, and support community development.
The Past, Present, and Future of the Paramount Theater
In 2020, Griot Arts acquired 32,000 square feet within the historic downtown, including a former department store and Clarksdale’s abandoned historical theater, the Paramount. Originally built in 1918 as the Marion Theater, the cinema was one of the first in the region built to host both films and live theater performances.
The theater, which was renamed the Paramount in the 1930s, operated as a segregated theater from its opening until 1965. Black community members recall sitting in the cramped “Colored” balcony section of the theater, often referred to as the “Buzzard’s Roost.” Nearby, The New Roxy, which currently operates as a music venue, was a Black theater that offered an alternative entertainment experience.
Like other businesses in downtown Clarksdale, the Paramount went through many cycles of decline and reinvention, opening, closing, and changing hands through the decades. In the 1990s, the theater closed for good and began to fall into disrepair. Much of the building is crumbling and the roof of the auditorium has fully collapsed. Without immediate attention to the space, the community could lose the historic building forever.
Now, Griot Arts is rehabilitating the structure and transforming it into The Griot Center, a space for arts programming, performance, film, career development, education, and more.
The arts nonprofit provides a range of programs and services that support artistic and community development in Clarksdale. The three main arms of the organization include an arts-focused after-school program, a holistic workforce development initiative, and a project that connects community members to social services and resources.
“We’re an arts organization that uses creativity to connect people to their purpose and to their stories,” Pleasant-Patterson said.
The plans for the new Griot Center embody these organizational goals. The project will support a variety of creative environments, including co-working spaces, dance rooms, recording studios, computer labs, and ceramics studios. And the theater itself will be revamped and put back in working order. Griot Arts’ Deputy Director Ben Lewis wants the Paramount Theater to remain a multidisciplinary space.
“We desperately, in our community, need a live performance stage of professional quality. But we also don’t have a movie theater, so we would love to be able to do films. And it was built to be both,” Lewis said.
Confronting a Segregated Past
Though the Paramount is on the verge of collapse, a rusted, two-level stairway remains intact at the back of the theater. While it could easily be dismissed as simply a fire escape, this staircase is in fact a vestige of the theater’s segregated past. Hidden away in the back alley behind the theater, it was used to access the “Colored” balcony. These sections of segregated theaters were often uncomfortable, overcrowded, and had poor visibility.
Griot Arts asked the Clarksdale community what the fate of this staircase should be and received varied feedback. Some wanted it to be transformed into a memorial, others thought it should remain an experiential walkable site, several thought it should be relocated to a museum setting, and a few wanted it to be removed completely.
Lewis said there has not been a final decision on how the stairwell will be handled physically.
“But we know for certain its story and the dialogue it inspired will remain central to the identity of the new space,” he said. “It is part of how we honor the past while building a future rooted in equity, creativity, and community.”
Addressing the segregated history of the Paramount Theater is an important part of the renovation project, according to Lewis. Griot Arts recorded oral histories of community members sharing their personal experiences with the historic theater. The organization also hosted community visioning sessions for feedback and reflection on how the theater’s history should be documented for future users.
Lewis explained that a central aim of the project is working with the community to foster a deep sense of belonging in the face of an exclusionary past.
“If we just say, let’s move on without acknowledging, without engaging [the past], then what it becomes is a very expensive building that never achieves our goal of community,” he said.
The Power and Purpose of the Arts in Rural Communities
Griot Arts representatives hope the theater project will exemplify how the arts can drive both personal and community growth. Pleasant-Patterson emphasized the positive impact of creative expression.
“It helps people communicate complex thoughts, emotions, feelings that they would struggle communicating with just words,” she said. “But it also develops confidence, emotional identification, self-control, and how to communicate across lines of difference.”
But for Griot Arts, the development of arts programming and a creative economy in Clarksdale goes beyond supporting individual self-expression. They aim to build infrastructure that allows people to stay, create, and thrive in town instead of moving away. As an under-resourced rural community, where arts opportunities often require hours of travel, the ability to access training, mentorship, and performances locally is vital. Lewis frequently hears this sentiment from community members.
“We’ve had several parents who have said, we were thinking about leaving because our children didn’t have access to opportunity, especially around the arts,” Lewis said. But parents say Griot Arts gives them hope.
By investing in the next generation of artists and nurturing creators already rooted in Clarksdale, Pleasant-Patterson says they hope to spark a broader movement that inspires others to imagine and build their own creative futures right where they are.
“When you live in a rural community, there is that inspiration there, but it’s a little bit harder to find and it’s a little bit more siloed. Hopefully, the Paramount Project can be that place for people to come to be inspired, to turn the lights on in them, to connect to their purpose, to find belonging, and to build the community together because that’s what we’re striving to do.”
Susannah Broun wrote this article for The Daily Yonder.
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Supporters of the National Endowment for the Humanities said cuts to the agency by President Donald Trump hurt Americans' access to art and culture and breaks the law.
In April, the Department of Government Efficiency terminated grants to individual recipients and humanities councils in 56 states and territories, including Virginia. DOGE also fired 65% of the endowment's staff.
A group of three humanities organizations, including the Modern Language Association, filed a lawsuit to stop the Trump administration's move. Virginia Humanities receives more than 20% of its funding of its funding from the endowment and had its operating budget slashed by DOGE.
Paula Krebs, executive director of the Modern Language Association, said the lawsuit is meant to restore the endowment to its original, legally binding mission.
"We're aiming to roll back the effects of the DOGE cuts and the DOGE interference in the operations of the NEH," Krebs explained. "And return the NEH to the functions that Congress has statutorily required it to serve."
Endowment officials announced the agency is cutting grants not in alignment with the administration's priorities, including those that promote diversity, equity and inclusion. The endowment said it is now working to promote the United States' 250th birthday and American exceptionalism.
Cuts to state councils from the endowment total more than $65 million and have resulted in the cancellation of more than 1,400 open grants, including $2 million for Virginia Humanities. Krebs stressed the endowment is not just for authors, playwrights or filmmakers, it is important for all Americans.
"How we understand our literature, our film, our history, our art: all of that is the humanities," Krebs outlined. "We live that every day, and the government's investment in that is an investment in us being Americans who understand the culture in which we live."
The Trump administration's 2026 budget proposal calls for the elimination of the endowment.
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